Freight car



Fak.v 11,' 1930, 'w. a wlNE Re# 17.591

k v FREIGHTICAR Original Filed Nov. B. `i926 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb.V 11, 1930. w. awma l -Re 17,591

FRBIGT CAR Original Filed Nov.-8. 1926 l0 Sheets-SheIet 2 Feb. 11, 1930.

w. E. wlNE Re. 17,591l

FREIGHT CAR original Filed Nv. 8, 192s 1o stints-sheet a Feb. l1, 1930. w, E, wlNE I Re. 17,591

FREIGHT. CAR

original Filed Nov. 8. 192s 1o sheets-sheet 4 W. E. WINE FREIGHT cui Original Filed Nov. 8. 1926 Feb. l l, 1930.

1o shuts-sheet 5 IWIIIIIIIIIlll admits Feb. ll, 11930.

riginal Filed Nov, 8, 192e 1o sheets-Shogi', L"6

OOOQOO Re. y.17,591

1o sheets-.sheet '7 W. E. WINEl FREIGHT CAR original Filed Nov. A8, v192s y gril/Ill Feb. 11, 1930.

w. E. WINE.

v FREIGHT cAn Feb. ll, 1930.

original Enea Nov.` 8 A192 Feb. ll,1 1930. w. E.w|NE` Re- 17,591'.

' FREIGHT -cm original Filed Nav. 8. 192s 1o sheets-Shui" 9 W. E. WINE Feb. l 1,21930. Y

FREIGHT C411 originan Filed' Nov. 8. 192e 1o suena-sheet 1 0 ksiued Feb. 11, 1930 UNITED STATES vmi'rlsNr oFFlcE WELIAH E. WINE, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO WINE ARAILWAY APPLIANGE COMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO',` CORPORATION OFl OHIO FREIGHT can Original No. 1,703,756, dated February 26, 1929, Serial No. 146,977, tiled November 8, 1926. Application for reissue flied September 17, 1929. Serial No. 393,255.

My invention relates to new and useful im-` provements in freight cars designed to have a maximum capacity within 'the prescribed clearance limitations.

One of the objects of the invention is to construct arailway freight car, such as a hopper car, with reduced ends so that safety appliances and the like may be applied on the sides plished by inverting the car or byopening,

drop doors in the bottom thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a railway car with an improved cross bearer construction. One ofthe primary features of the'invention resides in providing a hopper car having inside side stakes with means associated with the slope sheets whereby the interior of the car is formed with transversely inclined portions which facilitate the movement of ganular ladin down the slope sheets as it is ing discharge from the vcar through the 'drop doors.

Another feature of the invention resides in v providing the car with improved means for the car so that they may be keasily shaped in Y taken on line 12'-12,

connecting the slope sheets and side sheets adjacent the ends-of the car, the connecting means being generally of trough shape and' affording, when applied to the car, transverse; ly inclined portions which serve to prevent` any substantial quantity of the lading from becoming entrapped by the inside sidestakes of the car While the lading is being discharged through the doors in the bottom thereof.

A still further feature ofthe invention revsides in constructing the-end side sheets of large uantities at a minimum expense'a'nd applie average railroad repair shop.

A still further feature of the invention resides Ain providing novel means a ssoc1at.ed with the car side stakes for supporting adJacent portions of the slope sheets.

to the car with'the facilities 'ofthe A still further feature of the invention resides in providing the car with corner posts of a design particularly adapted to co-o erate with the converging end side sheets of t e car.

A still further feature of the invention consists in providing the car with cross bearers formed of a plurality of plates..

A still further feature `of the invention consists in attaching to the central portions of the cross bearers tie rods which arefadapted to brace the car sides.

Other and more specific features of the invention residing in advantageous forms, coin- ,binations and relations of parts will hereinafter appear and be pointed outin the claims.

In the drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan View of a ho er car.

car.

y Figure 3 is an end view of the car. v

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional View taken on line 4 4, Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view of the car showing the body bolster in elevation.-

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on line 6--6, Figure 5.

. Figure 6 'is a perspective view of one of the braces shown in Figure 6.

Figure 7 is a vertical transverse sectional yiew of the car showing one of the cross bearers in elevation.

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional View taken a on line A8 8, Figure Figure 9 is a similar view taken on line 9 9, Figure 7.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary side elevational 'view of the car adjacent one'of its ends.

taken online 11-11, Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectionalview igure 10.

` Figure 13 is a fra mentarysectional View taken online 13%13, igure 10.

Figure 414 is a similar view taken on line 1 4-f-1h4, Figure 10, showing the 'decreasing inclination in sidesheet.

the upper portion of the end igure 2 is a diagrammatic side view of the re 11 isa fragmentary sectional viewl Figure 16a is an enlarged sectional vievs7 taken immediatel below the slope sheet of the car adjacent t e side thereof, showing inr elevation the slope sheet supporting bracketvv illustrated in Figure v16.

yFigure 16b4 is a -view of the construction illustrated in Figure 16a taken at right angles thereto.

Figure 17 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 17-'17, Figure 10.

Figure 18 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 18-18, Figure 10.

Figure 19 isa sectional view taken on line 19-19, Figure 10.

Figure 20 `is a similar view taken on line 20-20, Figure 10.

Figure 21 is a vertical sectional view taken on line' 21-21, Figure 10.

Figure y22 is a perspective view of one` of the end'side sheets. r

Figure 23 is a perspective view of one of the slope sheet supporting members designated angle A.

Figure 24 is a perspective view lofanother of the slope sheet supporting members desl ignated angle B.

Figure 25 is a fragmentary perspective View taken on the insideof the carshowing the construction thereof adjacent one of its corners. Figure 26 is a fragmentary perspective view of one end of one of the side sills.

lFigure27 is a sectional view taken on line 27-27, Figure 5.

Figure 28 is a side elevational view of the center and end plates of the composite bolster in their assembled position.

Figure 29 illustrates side and end views of one of the reinforcing plates applied to one side of the bolster.

' taken on line 32-32, Figure 31.

tical sectional view longitudinally of the carad'jacent one end thereof.

' Figure 32 is a fragmentarysectional view Figure 33 is a perspective lview of angle A taken on the side opposite to the side of that of the view shown in Figure 23.

Figure 34 is a fragmentary side view of the inside Vof the car adjacent the top of one of the side stakes. l l

Figure 35 is a perspective view of one of the brackets adjacent the-top of the car.

As the construction adjacent each end of the car is the same, only one end thereof has 17 been illustrated in most instances and will be described in the specification. Furthermore,

I since the construction on opposite sides of the car is identical in all 'material aspects, only one side thereof will be described in the specification.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 64 designates the center sills of the car which, as is well known, extend substantially continuously from one end of the car to the other, being secured to theend sills 112 by any suitable means. The bod bolsters 11 of the car are rigidly connecte to the center sills, and since the` holsters chosen for pur` Aposes of illustrating the invention form the subject matter of my Patent No. 1,703,758,

being a division of the application which eventuated in the original patent upon which this reissue is based, this construction will no t be herein described .in detail. It may be said, however, that each bolster generally comprises threemainplate-like members 56, 57 and 58, respectively. The center plate 56 is provided with a lower flan e 62 for attachment to the car center'sill an with an upper flange 63 for attachment to thennder side of the inclined floor of the car. Each of ,the side plates 57 and 58 is formed.- with va top flange 70 adapted to be in alinement with the toplange 63 of the center late 56, bot- ,tom flanges 113 and side or end) flanges 114. At their u per edges thesev plates are connected by a p ate 40 rigidly secured to their `top flanges, while at,v their bottom edges they are connected by a plate 86 rigidly secured to l the Ilan es 113 which passes under the center e bolster plates are also connected thecenter sills, the plates o each pair overlapping opposite faces of the bolster plates. Reinforcing brackets 94 are also preferably secured to the bolster directly over the bear-V ing plates 96 which are adapted to co-operate with truck side bearings (not shown The main side sills 15 of the car which preferably terminate at the holsters form the subject matter of my Patent No. 1,703,804 and need not be described herein in detail. The ends of the side sills, however, are of angle shape, one leg 51 of each beingsecured to the adjacent end flange 114 of the bolster,

and the other leg 52 being secured to the bot' tom flange 113 thereof. Intermediate its ends each side sill is of Z shape, having a lower vertical flange 115, an inclined web 55,

\ and an upper flange which constitutes a continuation of the leg 51. Extending between the body holsters and the res ective ends of thecar are auxiliary side si ls v16 ofangle shape. At one end each of the angle members V16 1s secured to the adjacent end sill 112,

while at its other end it is secured to the bolster through the intermediacy of a bracket intermediate the bolsters the side sills and I the center sills Aof the car are connected byv cross bearers, each of which generally vcomprisesthree plates 97, 98 and 104. The center plate 104 is ositioned directly over the center sills 64, eing rigidly secured thereto by angle members 116, while the side plates 97 and 98 are positioned respectively between the center sills and side sills, the outer side edges of each being shaped to conform to the .contour of the side sills. Extending under'the 'center sills 64 are a plurality of angle members 99 respectively adapted to be rigidly. secured to opposite sides of theplates 97 and 98 of each cross bearer adjacent their lower edges. These an le members 99 preferably extend continuous y from one side sill to the other, and one leg 117 of each-is disposed in a lane parallel with and connected to the si e plates, while the other` leg 118 thereof projects laterally from the cross bearer, the latter leg being secured to the center sills by rivets 100. As may be clearly seen in Fi ure 9, the laterally projecting flanges 118 o the members 99 ma decrease in width as they approach the si e sills, as at these points the bending moments to which the cross bearers are sub'ected are a minimum. Above the `center sill the three main plates comprising jecting laterally therefrom.

The upper edge of each of the side plates of the cross bearers inclines upwardly from adjacent the center sills to the adjacent side ofthe car to thereby. atlord4 at that point an increased area for attachingl the plate to neighboring ortions of the car construction. The center p ate 104 of the cross bearer pro- 1 jects upwardly above the adjacent inner ends of the side plates thereof and its upper portion is substantially of .trlangular shape to aiord'means for attaching' suitable bracesl or tie rods to be hereinafter described. Se- 5 y v ,posite faces of the p ate 104 thereof, so that Ithe flanges or legs 127 of the tie rods project cured to opposite. sides of each of the en d plates of the cross bearers are ridge sheets 101 which form continuationg .of the slope sheets of adjacent hoppers. g Each of these sheets is fashioned with an up r flan to he secured to the adjacent side plate o the cross bearer and with inner and ,outer flanges 121 and `122` respectively, adapted to he secured to the adjacent center sill and'side sill. As may be clearly seen upon referringlto Fig' ures 7 vand 9, thengouter edges and t e outer flanges 122 of the ridge sheets conform to the contour of the adj acent side sill-so as to have extended contact therewith.

S ced alon opposite sides of the car are the ai side sta Ves 10 and 10", each being preferably ofZ sha e, having oppositely pro.

jecting inner an outer fianges. 123 and 124, respectively, and an intermediate web 125.

. all projecting flanges 127.

Each side stake is arranged solthat its an es thereto. The side stakeslO are'res tively ri idly secured te the opposite en of the bo sters b rivets-.which tivelyvpass through t e Wehs1`25 thereo and the main body portions of theend Aplates 57 and 58 of the bolster and through the outer anges 124 thereof and the side or end anges 114 of the bolster. In this mannerit will be perceived that a very rigid connection is obtained between the holsters and side stakes and this is particularl desirableas'substantially all of the latera force exerted b the lading within the car is transmitted rom the sides thereof to these side stakes' and thence `into the body holsters.

The side stakes 10 are mounted at each end of the cross bearers, being rigidly connected thereto by rivets which-pass through the webs of the stakes and adjacent rtions of the plates 97 and 98 of the cross earers. U on referring toFi re 9 itjwillbe perceived'thatV the side sta es 10pr`eferably terminate short of the sidesills, while,- u on referring to other figures of the-"drawmgs, it will be seen that the side stakes 10are rigidly secured to adjacent portions of these-sills. In order to brace the sides of the car'finterm'ediate the bolster, tie rods 106 and -10v8:are employed -which are respectively connected to the side stakes adjacent the upper ends of the latter and to the cross bearer adjacentjthe central portion thereof. Itis for thislpurpose, namely, to secure the tie rods Jto the cross bearer, that the center plate 104 of the latter projects upwardly above the adjacent"y inner ends of the side plates 97 and 98 and. v.

terminates in a? substantially triangularlyf shaped portion..v Each of the tierods lsapreferably of angle shape, havin one leg or ge 126 secured to the center p ate 104 and another leg or flange 127 rojectin laterally therefrom. The tie ro s secure to each rossbearer areres ectively secured to op- Vd iacy of plates or brackets 107 and 109, re`- s ectively. These plates are secured, preferably by rivets, to t e webs of the side stakes and to the flanges 126 of the tie rods. In order; that the plates will not interfere with the -laterally iro'ecting flanges of the tie rods they pre era ly overlap the faces of the anges 126 which are remote from the latero more firmly brace the'upper portions 'of the car, horizontlall disposed braces 110 may advantageously e em loyed. These braces respectively overlape faces of the platesw107 and 109 opposite to the ones overnoA .lapped by the tie rods. 'As it is desirable that these braces comprise flanged beams each is preferably of I-sect'ion, but the flanges thereof are preferably cut away, as at 111.and 112, where they are secured to the plates 107 and 109 and the tie rods 106and 108. From the foregoing it will be perceived that by bracing the car in thismanner and by employing tie rods rfor connecting the upper portions of the side stakes to central portions of the cross bearers a very rigid, yet simple, car construction is produced. l

Intermediate the side stakes 10 the sides of the car are formed by sheet metal plates 3, each of which is overlappingly secured together and to the outer flanges 124 of the side stakes 10 and 10a. Adjacent their upper portions each of the side sheets and the side stakes 10 and 10 incline upwardly and inwardly,` as at 128 and 129, respectively. These `inclined -portions 128` ofthe side sheets terminate in upwardly projecting substantially vertical flanges 130 for attachment to vert1.

cal legs 131 of adjacent side top rails 5. The top rails of the car may conveniently be bulb angles having, in addition t o the vertical leg 131, an outwardly projecting substantially horizontal leg or flange 132 disposed above and overlapping the inclined portions of the side sheets. Brackets 19 may advantageously be employed for reinforcing this top constrnctionof the car. Each of these brackets is disposed on the outer face of the inclined portion of the adjacent side sheet and is riv-` eted thereto and to the inclinedportion of the adjoining side stake and to the outwardly projecting flange 132 of the top rail. The end top rails 6 are similar in shape to the side top rails and may be i'igidly'connected thereto in any suitable manner, subh as corner plates or brackets 7. Each of the side sheets 3 extends continuouslyfrom` the top rails 5 to the side sills 15 and they are preferably secured along their lower edges tothe outer faces of the vertical flanges 51 of the sills.

By providing the side sheets of the car with .the upwardly and inwardly inclined portions and by positioning the top rails of the car in the manner `illustiated, it will be appreciated that a car of maximum width is obtained in which all relatively sharp angles and pockets usually present on the inside of the top construction of the ca r are entirely eliminated, thereby facilitating .tl ie d ischarge of lading from the car when it is in verted for that purpose.

While from the foregoing it will be per ceived that a car construction has been disclosed wherein the side sheets of the car may be spaced the maximum distance permitted by standards of railroad practice, the side struction o'f the car adjacent the/ends 'iciciilist be so formed that ladders 9 andother safety appliances maybe appliedthereto and not project beyond the limits defined by the imei sides of the car. For this purpose the ends of the car are reduced or restricted, as may be clearly seen by reference to Figures 1 and 2 and also other figures of the drawings. Thus, the corner posts 12 of the car, which may advantageously beof angle shape, are disposed inwardly with respect to the adjacent side stakes l0 being secured at their lower ends to the angle side sills 16 and end sills 11,2 and atI their" upper' ends to the top rails 5 and 6. The end side sheets 8 of the car respectively extend from the corner posts 12 `to the side stakes 10 and each is provided with a main body portion 20 which inclines inwardly with respect to the parallel or normal sides of the car. The amount of inclination or convergence of these end side sheets isclearly indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 1. Adjacent their inner vertical edges 'each end side sheet is formed with a marthe car sides it, of course, is disposed in a i plane forming an angle with the main body portion 20 of its sheet. Adjacenttheir outer vertical edges each end side sheet overlaps the inner face of the leg 134 of the adjacent corner post and is secured thereto by any suitable ineans, such as rivets. lVhile the leg 134 of each stake is preferably arranged substantially normal to the other leg 135 thereof, it is preferably offset intermediate its ends as at a point 13 to lie in a'plane parallel with the inain body portion20| of the adjacent end side sheet. Thus, it will be seen that the legs of the corner posts adjacent their points of attachmentto the end side sheets are flared and that at these points, right angles to each other, they are at obtuse angles.

Theupper portion of each end side sheet is formed with an inwardly and upwardly inclined or trough portion alinement with and constitutes a `continuation of the inclined portions 128 of the 'adjacent side sheets 3. As the plane of the instead of being at 23 which is in y inclined portion of each end side sheet forms at a point designated 2 6. The upper edge of each'end side sheet is fashioned with `a substantially vertical flange 24 extending at an angle to the main body portion 20 fori attachment to the depending or vertical leg 131 of the adjacent side'top lrail '5. At its outer edge 28 the top flange 24 is disposed in substantially theplane of themain body portion 20 of the sheet.

The inclined or slo ing floors of the car are preferably forme vof sheet metal plates 34 which ma or may n ot extendl continuously from t e ends of the car down to the hoppers 2. At their upper ends the slope sheets 34 referably rest upon and are secured to inwai' l rejecting flanges 136 of the end sheets 4 ofyt` e car. As may be clearly seen in Figure 25, these end sheets 4 are secured to the outer faces ofthe depending legs of the end top rail 6 and to the inner faces of the legs 135 of the corner posts. Intermediate their ends the slope sheets rest upon andare secured to ,the top inclined iang'es ofthe body bolsters 11, whileat their lower ends they may sheets 137.0f the hoppersl Each of the slope sheets .34 is preferably rectangular in shape,l

a width equal to the bein substantially of of the side distance between the inner vfaces stakes 10.v

The slope sheets are respectively connected to the side sheets of the car by members generally designated angle A and angle B. The an les A are respectively disposed between t e'ends of the car and the side stakes 10, being employed to connect the slope sheets to the adjacent end side sheets 8, whilethe the adjacent ,end side sheet l an offset portion the inner face of the outer flange 124 of angle members B are respectively disposed between the side stakes 10 and adjoining side stakes 10.

flhe'an lc A is formed with a substantially upright-flange or leg 32 and aiprocumbent' leg 35 substantially normal thereto, the former being secured tol the inner face of and the latter to the under surface of the adjoining portion of the VSlo 'sheet' 34. Since the end side sheet terminates above the lower edge of the an le A, theleg B2-thereof at one 'end is fas ioned 'with an offset portion 138 to contact with and be secured to the adjacent portion of the 'neighboring corner post 12. At its` other end the leg 32 is provided'wlth 37. so that it .may overlap the adjacent side. stake 10 and be secured thereto by an suitable means, such as rivets. At this end o lthe angle A the procumbent leg 35 thereof rests upon and is preferably secured tothe to portionofthe underlying body bolster; T us, 1t will be erceived, a

' very simple means is employed or sup o rting and rigl the slope s eets ly connectin tov adjacent por- `to the en'd sdesheets 8 an tions of the car construction.

Each of the angles A is preferably inl Vtegrally formed with a transversely inclined portion 31 which is in alinement with" the 'side stake 10`longitudinally of the car., 'In' this manner the interior of. the carat the points ofintersection of the planes of the slo e sheets and the end side sheets is provi ed with transversely inclined surfaces so that, when'the lading 0f the car its. being be conveniently secured to the slope g discharged therefrom through drop doors, i

sheets decrease as Vthey converge toward each other. Since it is desirable to form the anles A from a substantially rectangular sheet of metal, the uprightlegs 32 thereof increase in height as they approach the end of the car in accordance with the decrease in width of theinclined portions 31. To afford an increased area for connecting the legs 32 of the angles A to the adjacent side stakes 10 the inclined portions 31 may conveniently terminate at the offsets 137 formed therein. Of course, it'will be appreciated that the interior surface of the car may be formed in a variety of ways with transversely inclined portions and my invention is not limited to forming these inclines in separate inner facesof theside sheets 3, while the ianges 42 are adapted to underlie and besecured to the slope sheetsl 34. The end of the an le ad'acent the bolster may convenient y fas ioned with a cut out ortion 48 to recelve adjacent portions of lt e adjoining side stake 10. At its opposite end the iiange 41 is shaped to conform to the contour of the adjoining side sill and have extended' contact therewith, the portion 139 thereof being ada ted to be secured to the inner face of the vertical leg 51 of the side sill, the ortion 140 A`being adapted to be secured to t e'inclined web 55 ofthe sill and the ortion 141 being adaptedto be secured to t e bottom Iiange 115 of the sill. In this manner a very rigid connection is obtained between the slope sheet supporting and connecting anglesfB and the side sills. As with angle A, angle B,is formed with a portion 43 affording theinterior of the car with a transversely inclined surface in alinement with the side stakes longitudinally of the car, which onlyy estende between'the Side Stakes l0 and 1,9%

Thus the angle B in addition to servin as s a g means connecting the side sheets and slo e sheets, functions to also facilitate the discharge of lading-through the drop bottom doors of the car.

vAt their lower ends the angles 13, as may be `clearly seen in Figure 31, may advantageously be secured to the slope sheets and the outer side walls of the hoppers. The outer side wallsof the hopper are also preferably secured to the bottom flange 115 ofthe 4side sill whereby, since these sheets are subject to ra )id corrosion, they maybe easily replaced without disturbin the connection `between the side sheets of t e carand the sills.

To. su port the up er edgeof the angle 13, and, consequent y, adjoining portions of the slope sheet of thecar, a bracket 38 is rigidly secured to the side stake 10 by a rivetv passin through the bracket and the web of the si e stake. `Each bracket 38 is. formed' with a portion adapted to embrace theJ inner flange 123 of the side stake and an adjoining to support the angles B and the slope sheets 34, the brackets also serve to prevent the escape of fine lading between the side stakes on the one hand and the angles B and slope sheets. on the other.. The upper surfaces of the brackets are, of course, lnclined so as to lie in planes parallel with the inclined slope sheets.

From the foregoing it will be perceived that a railroad car has beenA produced having. maxlmum revenue earning capacity w1th1n the prescribed clearance limitations and that theinterior of the car is formed with a plurality of transversely inclined surfaces which facilitate the discharge of lading ifrom the car whether this is accomplished by inverting the car or by opening the drop doors in the bottom thereof. s It wlll also be perceived that a very rigid and strong connection is obtained between the converging end side sheets of' the ear and the slo e sheets and also between the latterand t e mainside sheets and that rugged means is employed for supporting portions of -the Slo e sheets adjoining the side sheets at the si e stakes.

I claim:

1. A freight car having end side sheets extending inwardly toward each other from adjacent the body bolster to the end' of the car, a portion of each of the end side sheets sloping inwardly and upwardly; j

2. A freight car having end side'sheets extending toward each other from adjacent the body bolster to the end of the car to thereby provide spaces" for safety appliances Within the natural sides of thev car, the upper portions of each of said end side sheets sloping upwardly and inwardly toward each other.

3. A freight car having en d side sheets extending slightly inwardly towardeach other from adjacent the body bolster to the end of the car, each of said end side sheets having a portion sloping inwardly'and upwardly and a verticall portion merging with the said sloping portion.

4. An end side sheet for a car comprising a said inclined portion decreasing in width as it approaches the edge of thesheet adapted j to be fastened to the corner post.' j

5. An end side sheet for a car comprising a vertical portion adapted to extend parallel with the normal side of the car, a portion extending at an angle to said parallel portion adapted to be fastened along one of its edges to a corner post of the car, and an upper portion bent inwardly and upwardly with reslpect to the first mentioned portion of the s eet, said inwardly bent portion decreasing in width as it approaches theed e of the sheet adapted to be fastened to t e corner post, the extreme upper edge of the sheet lylng in a substantially vertical plane.A

6. An end sidesheet for a freight car, be-

, ing of greater height adjacent one edge than adjacent the opposite edge, the portion of the sheet adjacent one of said edges extending at an angle to other ortions of the sheet, the upper lportion of t e sheet sloping inwardly toy and upwardly, said sloping portion increasing in width from adjacent one edge of the sheet .toward the other, and the upper edge ofthe sheet' being disposed in a substantially vertical plane.

,7. An end side sheet for a freight car comprising a bod portion 20,v the end portion 21, the inwar ly andupwardly sloping portion 23, and the vertically `extending portion 24.

V8. A freight car having its end sides restricted, side stakes adjacent the points of -the beginning of the restricted ends, Vslope sheets extendlng from theends of the car toward the center thereof, and trough-like members respectively disposed in the angles formed Aby the slope sheets and restricted sides.

9. A freight car having sides, corner posts, side stakes, and end side sheets extending at an angle to the normal sides of the car between the said side stakes andv corner posts, said corner posts having their upper portions liar-ed to receive the respective edges of the said end side sheets.

10. A freight car having sides,corner posts, Z-bar side stakesadjacent the corner posts, and end side sheets extending at an angle to the normal sides of the car between the Z-bars and v`said corner posts, ysaid corner posts having their upper portions flared to receive the respective edgles of said side sheets.

. extending from the sides of the carto the re- Y adjacent the side stakes .to/the corner posts. j

postsfour iside stakes respectively situated spective cornerposts, the body portions of t e respective end sheets being disposed in planes parallel with the adjacent leg of the associated corner post.

12. A freight car having corner posts of substantiallyv angle shape, side stakes situated near the respective corner posts, and side sheets extending inwardly from the respective side stakes toward the end of the car, one leg of each of said corner posts being ared to lie parallel with -the major portion ofthe adjacent end sheet for attachment thereto.

13. A freight car having corner posts of angle shape, one leg of each of said sts being flared, side stakes, and end sides eets extending from the side stakes inwardl to.- ward the respective corner posts, the ared legs of the corner posts being secured-t0 adjacent portions of the respective side sheets respectively disposed in planesparallel t erewith,the edge of each end side Y and bein sheet o posite the one securedto the corner post being dis osed in a plane parallel with the normal si es ofthe car.

l14. A freight car having four corner posts andy fouf'side' stakes respectivelyv situated at a distance from said corner posts, `v said side stakes being inwardl inclined adjacent their upper ends, and en side sheets havlng similarly inwardly inclined portions secured to the inclined portions of therespective side stakes, said end `side sheetsfconverging from 15. A frei ht car having four end corner at a stance from said corner posts, each of said side stakes being inclined inwardly .ad. 'acent'its upper end, and end side sheets having similarly inclined upper portions secured to the respective inclined portions of the side stakes, one edge of each of said sheets lyingparallel with. and secured to the adjacent rtion of its associated side s tuke, said end side sheets converging from adjacent the side stakes to the'corner posts. l 1 6. A freight car having corner posts at oneof its ends, side stakes respectively s aced from said corner posts, andan end side sheet extending from each side stake to the adjacent corner post, the upper portions of the side stakes land end sheets extending inwardly and upwardly and the said inwardly and upwardly extending portions fv the end side sheets decreasing in width asthe approach the corner 1 dared portion, side stakes spaced from said corner posts, end side sheets respectively extending between the corn'r posts and side stakes and each having a ortion secured to the flared portion of the a jacent corner post and" a portion secured to the adjacent side stake, the upper yportion of theeud` side sheets and-side stakes being inclined upwardlyand inwardly.

18. In a freight car, a corner post, a side stake, an end side sheet having one edge secured to the crner post and its opposite edge secured to the side stake, the upper portion of the side stake and side sheet being inwardl inclined, the inclined portion'ofA the sheet ecreasing in width as it approaches the corne'r post.

19. -In a freight car, a corner ost, a Z-bar side stake, an end side sheet having one edge secured to the corner post and its` opposite edge secured to the Z-bar, the upper portion ofthe side stake and end side sheet bein upwardly and inwardl inclined, the nclin portion of the sheet ecreasin in width as f* it approaches the corner post, t e upper edge -ofsaid sheet bein .disposed in a substantially vertical plane, a lracket riveted to said sheet and side stake, and a top rail overlying the upper edfe of said sheet and said bracket.

20. lA fi'eight car having spaced sides and restricted end side sheets, a slopeA sheet extending-downwardly from each end of the car', and `trou h-like angles respectively secured tosaid s ope sheets and 'to the restricted secured to said end sidesheetsand a slo Ie sheet secured to and extending between tiie troughlike angles at each end of the car.

22. A freight car having spaced sides, end side sheets converging toward the ends of the car to thereby provide spaces within the noi-mal sides of the car, slope sheets secured to the ends of the car, and trough-like angles secured to the respective end side sheets, said slope sheets being supported ad'acent their' opposite edges by said troiigh-li e an les.

23. A freight car having sides, en side sheets ateach end of the car extendin slightly inwardly toward each other as t ey a proach the end of the car,'a trough-like ang e secured to eacliof said side sheets having au inwardly inclined portion increasing in width from adjacent one end thereof to the other, and a slope 4sheet extending between said trough-like angles ateach end of the car. i i

24. A yfreight carcomprisin in part on one side, an end sidevsheet exten ing inwardly toward the end of the car, a trough-like angle having one leg secured to the end side lsheet adjacent its lower edge,said troughlike member also having an inclined portion cured to the other leg of said angle.

25. Afreight car hav-ing'sides tapering near their opposite ends, a slope sheet extending from each end of the car toward the center thereof, .two trough-like' angle supports on each side of each slope sheet, said angles extending substantially throughout the length of the slope sheets.

. 26. A freight carhaving sides, the ends of said sides converging as they approach the `ends of the car, the said end sides adjacent their u per portions slopin upwardly and inward y at thel point where t ey start to converge, a slope sheet at each end of the car extending toward the center thereof, and two trough-like angles connected to each side of each slope sheet, one ofeach of said angles l)eilig secured to the adjacent end side of the car.

27. A trough-like angle A having the leg 32, the leg 35, and the ever widening por@ tion 31. I

Q8. A trough-like angle A having thefleg 732, the flared portion 31, the leg 35, the said flare-like portion extending from one end of the an le to adjacent the other.

29. i freight car having corner posts, side stakes, end side'sheets extending between the respective sidestakes and corner posts, a slope sheet extending from an end of the car toward the center thereof, and two trough-like angles on each side of the slope sheet, the end of one Vof said angles being secured to the adjacent side stake and said slope sheet being supported by said trough-like angles.

30.' In a freight car having sides restricted at their ends, a slope sheet extending from eachendof the car toward the center, side stakes on opposite sides of the car adjacent the points of restriction, and trough-like angles respectively secured to opposite sides of each slope sheet, said side stakes and lower ends ofthe angles being adapted to be` secured to the side sills of the car.

31. A freight car having on each side e'nd side sheets 8, a trough-like angle A, a troughlike angle B, and a slope sheet 34 secured between the two sets of angles A and B.

32. A freight car having sides' restricted at their ends, slo e sheets respectively extending from each end of the car toward the center thereof and positioned between said restricted end sides, and two angles on each side of the'car adjacent the end thereof for su porting the respective slope sheets, each osai'd angleshaving its central portlon inclined to provide' a sloplng surface between the -adjacent side of the car and slope sheet,

33. A freight car having side stakes, side sheets respectivelyv extending from the side stakes inwardly toward the ends of the car, a slope sheet extending between the side sheets at each end of thecar, and trough-like .angles respectively secured to the said end side sheets and the associated slope sheets for supporting the latter.

34. A freighty car having end side sheets, side stakes respectively connected to said side sheets, said stakes being adapted to be secured to the body holsters of the car, a slope L necting themto adjacent portions of the restrictedsides of the car, said supports being respectively secured to the side stakes.

36. A freight car of the hopper type having `slope sheets, trough-like angle members respectively disposed on opposite sides of the slope sheets for supporting the latter, and brackets for respectively supporting one .end of each of said anglemembers. V

.37. A freight car having' sides, a slope sheet, a plurality of angle members on each side 4of the slope sheet for connecting` it to the respective sides of the car, each of said.

angle members having aportion inclined transversely of the car, side stakes positioned between the.` inner adjacentends of the angle members, and bracketsfespectively adjacent.

the inner ends of said angle members for supporting one of said members. l

38. Afreight car having cross bearers vof composite form, and tie rods extending downwardly and inwardly from the sides of the car and fastened to said cross bearers.V

cross bearer formed of a plurality of plates, side stakes at theopposite ends of said cross bearer, and tie rods extending inwardly from said stakes and secured to the cross bearer adjacent .its central portion.

39. A freight car comprising in part a 40. A freight car involving a cross bearer .i

comprising end plates and a center plate, side stakes at the respectiveouter ends' of the end plates of the cross bearer, and tie rods j respectively connect-ed to Asaid side stakes and to the center Aplate of the cross bearer.

' 41. A freight car involving a cross bearer. comprising two end plates and a center plate, the latter extending'above the inner adjacent ends of said end plates, side stakes re-l` spectively positioned adjacent theouter. ends of said vend plates, tie rods respectively connected tosaid side stakes and to the center plate of the cross bearer, said rods being connected tothe latterin overlapping relation, and a horizontal 'member connected to the :1:51 stakes adjacent the upper, ends of the tie stakes,

A'freight car comprising across bearer of comfposite form, side stakes respectively at their lower ends tov opposite connecte ends of said cross bearer, and tie rods respectively connected to the cross bearer and to the up er portions of said Aside st kes.

43. -freight car of the hopper ype-h'aving a plurality of Z-bar side stakes, cross bearers respectively connected to said side stakes, tie rods respectively extending fro'm adjacent the upper portions of the side stakes to adjacent the central portions of the cross bearers, and a brace respectively connected to the upper ends of tie rods connected -to comprising a yplurality of members, .and`

side stakes' respectively secured to opposite ends of said4v means connecting said' members,

cross bearer, tierods respectively connected to the upper-portions of said side stakes and to the centralfportion of said cross'bearer and a member connecting the upper ends o said tie rods.

46. A freight car involving a cross bearer,

side stakes respectively secured to opposite ends of the cross bearer, and tie rods respectively connecting the upper portions of the side stakes and the central portion of the cross bearer, each of said tie rods being formed with a laterally projecting iiange, the iange of one tie rod projecting in a irectionopposite to the liange of the other tie rod.

47. A freight carinvolving a cross bearer, side stakes respectively secured to opposite ends of the cross bearer, and tie rods respectively connecting the cross bearer and side said rods being crossed at their lower ends and secured to the central portion of the cross bearer and being secured at their upper endsto the side stakes.

48. A freight car involvinga cross bearer,

- side stakes respectively' secured to opposite mem ends of the cross bearer, flanged tie rods respectively connecting the upper portions of the side stakes and the central portion of the cross bearer, and a member connecting the upper portions of said tie rods, .the latter r e spectively overlapping opposite faces of said 49. A freight car having end side sheets,

said sheets converging inwardly toward the car ends from points res ectively adjacent the edges thereof remote m the car ends,

the upper portion of each of saidsheets being inclined inwardl and u wardly,`said inclined portion grarliia width toward the ends of the ,calnyv Y 50. In a freight car having corner 'posts and parallel side sheets, the ,combination with end.` side sheets, each yof -said end side 'sheets hatng 'af-portion secured to the adjacent parallel side sheet 'anddisposedina plane parallel therewith, vsaid end side sheets respectively convergingtoward theends ofthe car from adjacent their points of attachment to the parallel side sheets, the upper portion ofA each of said end side sheets being inclined .inwardly and upwardly.

51, In a railway 'car having a side anda longitudinally inclined floor portion, a side stake' projecting upwardly from said inclined door portion 'intermediate the ends thereof in overlapping .relation to the inner face o f the car si e, the carbeing'provided onits interior with a transverselyinclined*si'lrfiuitL 'extending-l downwardl away vfrom ttheci' side `in a 'nement wit -the'fstake loiifgitndifnallyof the car.- j if 52,;"Ara'ilway hopper car `havin ."substantially vertical end sheets and si efsheets,

ing inwardly beyond the side sheets, thecar being provided on its interior -betweenthe lly ecreasmg'j inclined iioor sheets and side stakes projectl end sheets and adjacent side stakes with transversely inclined surfaces in alinement with the stakeslongitudinally of the car, said inclined surfaces being disposed in the angles formed b the intersection oftthe planes of the side s eets and floor sheets.

53. A railway car having sidesheets an'd slope sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side shcets,and means providing theinterior'of the car with portions inclined transversely thereof'in alinement with the side stakes longitudinally of the car.

54. A railway car having side sheets and slope sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, and means connecting said side sheets and slope sheets, each pf said means being rovided with a portion inclined transverseliy of the car in alinement with the side stakes longitudinally of the car. 55. A railway car having side sheets and slope sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, and angle members respectively connecting the side sheets and -slope sheets, each of said angle members being integrally formed with a portion inclined transversely of the car in alinement with the adjacent side stake longitudinally of the car.

56. A railway car having substantially the intersection of the stakes longitudinally of the car, said surfaces being disposed in the angles formed y planes `of. the `ai e sheets and slope sheets.

57 A railwa car having side sheets and slope sheets, si e'stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, and means disposed on each side of the side stakes adjacent the i endsof the car for connectingV the ad'acent slope sheets and sideusheets, each vo said means being provided with `portions inclined transversely of the car in alineinent with the said side stakes longitudinally of the car.

58./ A railway car having side sheets, the end sidesheets converging inwardly toward the end of the car, slo e sheets, and side stakesl projecting inwardly yond. said side sheets,

the car bein provided on its interior adjacent the en side sheetsv with transversely inclined surfaces in alinement with the side stakes longitudinally ofthe car, said transversely inclined portions decreasing in width toward the ends of the car.

59. A-railway car havin `side sheets, the end side sheets converging inwardly toward the respective ends of the car, slope sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the vside sheets, and means connecting `the slope sheets and end side sheets, each of said 4means being provided withva portion inclined transversely'of the car in alinement with the adjacent side stake longitudinally of the car'.

60. A railway car having side sheets, the end side sheets converging toward the ends of the cargslope sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly @beyond the sideA sheets, and angle members fbrrespectively connecting the slope i sheets andye d'side sheets, each of said angle members being provided with a transversely inclined po'rtionin alinement with the adjacent sidestake longitudinally of the car,each f said inclined portions decreasing in width toward the ends of the car.

61. A railway car having side sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, slo e sheets, and means-connecting saidvside s eets and slope sheets, said means bein respectively adapted to be secured to and ave extended contact with the side sills 'of the car. y

62. A railway car having side sheets, side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, slope ysheets, and angle. members respectively connecting the side-sheets and slope sheets, each of said angle members having a' transversely inclined portion in' aliiiement with theside stakseslongitudinall'y offthe car,

said angle members being adaptedfto besef cured to and have extendedcontactwith the car side sills. y

63. A railway:. car having side sheets,- side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, slope sheets, andrmeans' for connecting the side sheets and slope sheets, said means `having transversely inclined; portions`- inl alinement with the side stakes longitudinally i of the car and being adapted to be secured to the side stakesand toltlielside sills of the car. 's

A railway `car having side sheets, `side the .adjacent side stake andthe other of saidmembers being adapted to be secured to the adjacent car side si and side stakes, said side stakes being respectively provided with portions underlying adjacent portions of the inclined floor for supportin the latter.

66. railway car having aninclined Hoor,

Aside stakes intermediate the ends of said inclined door, each of said side stakes having a projectingportion provided with an inclined uppersirface for 'sup rtingly cooperatin with the undersideso adjacentA portions o the inclined floor.

67. A railway car having Vsides and an inclined floor, side stakes rojecting inwardly beyond the car sides and rackets underlying said inclined lloor and respectivel secured to said side stakes for supporting adjacentportions of the ioor. i

f 68. `A railway car havingV sides and an inclined Hoor," and side stakes projecting in- .65. A railway car having an inclined floor,

stakes Projecting inwardly beyond theside im vwardly beyond the car sides, said side stakes i being disposed lintermediate the ends of the said inclined floor and eachbeing provided with means underlying the-licor for support-V wardly beyond the car sides intermediate the lends' of the said floor anda bracket embrac'- I ingly secured to one flange of each side stake for supporting .adjacent portions of the car oor..

70. .In a railway hopper car having reduced ends, the combination withside sheets and in-4 clined floor sheets, oside stakes projecting inwardly beyondthe side sheets, the car being provided on its interim `with dewnwardiy -and inwardly transversely inclined surfaces in -alinement with theside stakes longitudinally of the ear, the planes of said inclined surfaces intersecting -the slope sheets'in substantially parallel lines. i

71. In a railway hopper car having reduced ends, the combination with 'side-sheets and inclined floor sheets, of side stakes projecting inwardly beyond the side sheets, the ear being provided on its interior with transversely inisc 

